Survival Horror Historical Timeline (1992 - Present)

This timeline traces the evolution of survival horror games, beginning with the genre-defining release of Alone in the Dark in 1992. Widely regarded as the first true 3D survival horror game, Alone in the Dark set the standard with its blend of atmospheric horror, puzzle-solving, and combat. The timeline showcases key milestones in the genre’s development, as well as notable indie contributions. Explore the history of survival horror and see how each game built upon its predecessors, shaping the terrifying experiences we recognize today.

Alone in the dark

Developer: Infogrames

Release Date: 1992-09-01

Unlike most games in 1992, which were predominantly 2D, Alone in the Dark used 3D polygonal character models combined with pre-rendered backgrounds and fixed camera angles. The gameplay in Alone in the Dark emphasized strategic survival, encouraging players to avoid combat when possible, solve intricate puzzles, and manage limited resources like weapons and health. This blend of evasion, exploration, and careful resource management created a tense, atmospheric experience. The features introduced in Alone in the Dark would shape survival horror for decades, becoming defining elements of the genre and now recognized as hallmarks of classic survival horror gameplay.

Clock Tower (1995)

Developer: Human Entertainment

Release Date: 1995-09-14

Clock Tower is a 2D point-and-click survival horror game that prioritizes hiding and evasion over combat. Much of Clock Tower’s plot and artistic style are inspired by the 1985 movie “Phenomena” directed by Dario Argento. Clock Tower would go on to influenced later titles such as Haunting Ground 2005 and contributed to the genre’s focus on tension and vulnerability.

Resident Evil

Developer: Capcom

Release Date: 1996-03-22

Resident Evil is a landmark in survival horror, popularizing the gameplay first seen in Alone in the Dark. Its fixed camera angles, limited resources, and iconic zombie encounters set new standards. The game’s success paved the way for future horror titles and established “Resident Evil” as a genre-defining franchise.

Clock Tower (1996)

Developer: Human Entertainment

Release Date: 1996-12-13

“Clock Tower” (1996) is crucial in survival horror for emphasizing helplessness and tension during a period when action-focused horror dominated. Its innovative point-and-click gameplay, real-time stalking by Scissorman, and reliance on evasion over combat offered a unique, psychological experience. This shifted the genre’s focus towards vulnerability and fear, influencing future horror games.

Resident Evil 2

Developer: Capcom

Release Date: 1998-01-21

“Resident Evil 2” (1998) is pivotal in survival horror for refining the formula established by its predecessor. It expanded the narrative with dual campaigns, enhanced graphics, and more immersive gameplay. Its atmospheric design, improved mechanics, and compelling storyline set a new standard, solidifying the genre’s mainstream appeal and influencing future titles.

…Iru!

Developer: Soft Machine

Release Date: 1998-03-26

“…Iru!” (1999) is significant in survival horror for its innovative blend of traditional gameplay with psychological elements. Released during the genre’s evolution, it introduced unique, unsettling atmospheres and real-time events that heightened tension. Its unconventional design influenced later games, contributing to the genre’s diversification and creative exploration.